Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infective disease with increasing incidence worldwide. From early on, in the antibiotic era, it was recognized that high-dose and long-term antibiotic therapy was correlated to improved outcome. In addition, for several of the common microbial IE etiologies, the use of combination antibiotic therapy further improves outcome. IE vegetations on affected heart valves from patients and experimental animal models resemble biofilm infections. Besides the recalcitrant nature of IE, the microorganisms often present in an aggregated form, and gradients of bacterial activity in the vegetations can be observed. Even after appropriate antibiotic therapy, such microbial formations can often be identified in surgically removed, infected heart valves. Therefore, persistent or recurrent cases of IE, after apparent initial infection control, can be related to biofilm formation in the heart valve vegetations. On this background, the present review will describe potentially novel non-antibiotic, antimicrobial approaches in IE, with special focus on anti-thrombotic strategies and hyperbaric oxygen therapy targeting the biofilm formation of the infected heart valves caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The format is translational from preclinical models to actual clinical treatment strategies.

Original languageEnglish
Article number643335
JournalFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Volume9
Number of pages25
ISSN2296-634X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Lerche, Schwartz, Theut, Fosbøl, Iversen, Bundgaard, Høiby and Moser.

    Research areas

  • biofilm, dabigatran, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, in vitro, in vivo, infective endocarditis, innate immunity, Staphylococcus aureus

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